Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: literature review

Jésser M. Herrera-Salgado, Critical Care in Obstetrics, Hospital Materno Perinatal Mónica Pretelini Sáenz (HMPMPS), Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de México, Mexico
Luis E. Reyes-Mendoza, Obstetric Intensive Care, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico
Jesús C. Briones-Garduño, Research Coordination, HMPMPS, Toluca de Lerdo, Estado de México. Mexico
Sindy A. Gutiérrez-Chavarría, Internal Medicine, Hematology, Bone Marrow Cell Transplant Service, ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury refers to the pathophysiological consequence of deprivation of adequate cerebral perfusion that occurs transiently. This medical complication is commonly related to an event of cardiac arrest (CA), respiratory failure, incidents of near drowning, and different states of shock that could trigger severe hypoperfusion and its pathological sequelae. The consequences of this clinical entity can vary from almost complete recovery to brain death. Treatment is based on correcting the cause of hypoperfusion, adequate neurocritical care, and in survivors, multidisciplinary rehabilitation involving not only the patient but family and caregivers. In this manuscript, we reviewed recent literature with the aim of understanding and making known the appropriate approach to this complication. A search was conducted for recent literature on the topic mentioned using the keywords “Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in adults” in the database “PubMed” of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The search resulted in 62 articles, the search was delimited with the temporality from 2015 to 2023, 20 were selected, considering those that can be integrated into the themes that make up the structure, that had as references recent literature < 10 years old; those that had information not directly related to the topic or that did not include the subsections to be addressed in the review were not included.